El veto de Newsom a la ley SB 1047 genera debate sobre el futuro de la IA en California
El gobernador de California, Gavin Newsom, vetó hoy la ley de innovación segura para modelos de inteligencia artificial de frontera (SB 1047). En su mensaje de veto, Newsom explicó que, aunque el proyecto tiene buenas intenciones, impone una carga excesiva a las empresas de inteligencia artificial y podría obstaculizar el liderazgo de California en este sector. Señaló que la ley propuesta es demasiado amplia y aplica estándares rigurosos incluso a sistemas básicos, lo que podría limitar la innovación tecnológica.
Newsom subrayó que el proyecto de ley podría crear “una falsa sensación de seguridad” al público, al regular solo los modelos de IA grandes, mientras que otros más pequeños y especializados podrían ser igualmente peligrosos. “Es posible que surjan modelos más pequeños y especializados que resulten igual o incluso más peligrosos que los modelos a los que se dirige la SB 1047“, señaló el gobernador. Además, enfatizó que la regulación debe basarse en un análisis empírico de la trayectoria y riesgos de la inteligencia artificial, en lugar de adoptar una solución generalizada.
La SB 1047, impulsada por el senador Scott Wiener, estaba diseñada para establecer controles estrictos sobre las empresas que desarrollan IA en California. El proyecto requería que las compañías implementaran salvaguardas como un “interruptor de apagado” y protocolos para pruebas que previnieran desastres como ciberataques o pandemias. Además, otorgaba al procurador general del estado la capacidad de demandar por daños causados por fallos de seguridad.
Tras el veto, Wiener expresó su descontento en una publicación en la plataforma X, calificando la decisión como un “revés” para aquellos que buscan supervisar a las grandes corporaciones que desarrollan IA. Argumentó que el veto deja a las empresas sin restricciones vinculantes, dada la incapacidad del Congreso para regular efectivamente esta tecnología.
Por su parte, el proyecto de ley había generado controversia entre sectores de la industria tecnológica. Empresas como Meta, Google y Amazon, habían advertdo que la SB 1047 podría “paralizar la innovación” y frenar el desarrollo del código abierto. Jamie Radice, gerente de asuntos públicos de Meta, celebró el veto, afirmando que la ley habría perjudicado el crecimiento empresarial y la creación de empleo en el estado, informó The Verge.
Por otro lado, figuras como Elon Musk, junto con actores y creadores de contenido de Hollywood, habían expresado su apoyo al proyecto de ley, al igual que sindicatos como SAG-AFTRA. Estos defensores consideraban que era necesario establecer regulaciones firmes para mitigar los riesgos asociados a la IA.
Este veto de Gavin Newsom se da en un contexto de creciente debate sobre la regulación de la inteligencia artificial tanto a nivel estatal como federal. Mientras California busca equilibrar la innovación con la seguridad, el Senado de Estados Unidos propuso un plan de 32.000 millones de dólares para regular el impacto de la IA en áreas como elecciones, seguridad nacional y derechos de autor.
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